Par Value Definition

Bonds, common stock, and preferred stock all have a par value; however, the par value is different for each type of security. The remainder of this guide explains how par value works.

How to Determine Par Value

The business that issues a security determines its par value. One benefit of a par value is that it remains fixed for the life of a security. A security’s market value, on the other hand, fluctuates with supply, demand, and market changes. For example, a common stock could have a par value of $0.01 but a market value of $500. Continue reading to find out how that works.

Par Value of Stocks

For common stock, the par value definition refers to the value of the stock as stated in a business’s corporate charter. Shares usually have no par value or a very low par value, such as one cent per share. As mentioned earlier, the par value and the market price often have little relationship with one another. Some states require that companies set a par value below which shares cannot be sold. To comply with state regulations, many companies set a par value for their stocks at mere pennies — or less!

Par Value of Bonds

While par value may not matter as much in pricing stocks, the definition of par value is very important to bonds. Typically, the par value of bonds is around $1000. Remember, a bond is a written “IOU” stating the business will pay the bondholder back on a certain date. In the bond world, the par value of a bond is the exact amount a company will pay back to a bondholder on the bond’s maturity date.

Why Par Value Matters

The definition of par value is an important thing to know about in investing. It’s equally important to know for those who are starting to form a corporation. Entrepreneurs need to know the par value of their corporation’s stock, as it sets the capitalization target for their business. Par value advantages include the fact that the small business owner of a new corporation can sell their stock above the par value — thereby generating additional capital for the business. 

Entrepreneurs also need to understand par value because it means that no shares will be sold below the par value. Par value disadvantages include the negative repercussions of setting the par value too low or too high. A business owner needs to be realistic about the value of their company when setting up their corporation. This will help an entrepreneur avoid cornering themselves with a par value that is too high or too low for the company’s shares.

Par Value Summary

• Par value is the face value of a bond or the stock as stated in the corporate charter.
• Par value for a bond is usually $1,000, as these are the most common denominations in which they are issued.
• Par value for stocks can vary widely but is typically in very small amounts.
• Par value is important for bonds because it determines important financial terms and dates.